CONDITIONS TREATED
Vascular Malformations
What are Vascular Malformations?
The most common vascular malformations are known as birth marks. They are described as low-flow when present in the veins, capillaries or lymphatic system and as high-flow when arteries are affected. Capillary malformations - typified by a redish/purple "stain" - are now thought to be related to a gene defect in some cases tend to grow larger with age but then may spontaneously involute. Although these can occur anywhere on the body, the face is most common.
What symptoms may I have?
Apart from their cosmetic impact, capillary malformations rarely have any symptoms or complications. Malformations of lympatics, veins, arteries or combinations of these are rare but can be much more serious.
Diagnosis
It's relatively straightforward to see capillary malformations and most do not require treatment. Other malformations that are present at birth may not be noticed until much later as they can occur deep inside organs. These include:
Venous malformations - these affect veins and you may see a feint blue patch or swelling which may cause no symptoms but can sometimes a painful and swollen blood clot can form inside the patch.
Lymphatic malformations - these affect the lymph system, and will usually be present at birth or will develop before the age of 2 and will not resolve spontaneously. They are equally common in boys and girls. Small blister-like marks or larger swellings in the neck, limbs or face, may be seen, sometimes with bleeding or infection.
Arterial and arteriovenous malformations - Involving arteries abnormally connected to veins these can be very difficult to treat. Enlargement may be triggered by trauma or puberty and complications such as bleeding, ulceration and pain may develop. There will usually be a visible swelling in the skin over the affected area which is often blue in colour. In some cases the affected area of the body, for example a leg, will hypertrophy (grow beyond normal proportions).
Treatment/Surgical Intervention
Most vascular malformations do not need treatment, but where indicated, sclerotherapy, embolisation or surgery may be appropriate. You should also ask about cosmetic treatment if the appearance of your malformation is troubling you.